Figure 2. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in GLC cells. JC-1 exists as a green-fluorescent monomer at low membrane potential, while at higher membrane potential, JC-1 forms red-fluorescent aggregates and it can therefore be used as a sensitive measure of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. There is a substantial shift in fluorescence emission, indicating a decrease in MMP in GLC (57.5±6.8%) cells compared to NLC (41.8±5.3%). Results are representative of 3 independent experiments with n=3 for NLC and GLC in each experiment.