Figure 4. Changes in pre-proglucagon RNA transcript levels in treated and contralateral control retinas during periods of increased ocular growth induced by the fitment of translucent diffusers or negative lenses. Mean normalized expression of PPG RNA transcript levels from diffuser-treated (A) and negative-lens treated (B) eyes following 1 h, 1, 3, 7, and 10 days of treatment. The fitting of translucent diffusers or negative lenses significantly affected PPG RNA transcript levels in the experimental eye over time, as compared to both contralateral control values (MANOVA; F (2,86)=13.29, p<0.05 and F (2,86)=8.31, p<0.05, respectively) and age-matched untreated control values (MANOVA; F (2,86)=13.02, p<0.05 and F (2,86)=9.12, p<0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference in the expression of PPG transcript levels over time, between contralateral control eyes from either form-deprived animals or negative-lens-treated animals and age-matched untreated values (MANOVA; F (2,86)=0.27, p=0.62 and F (2,86)=0.10, p=0.84, respectively). The mean normalized expression is calculated from the efficiency (E) of the target genes to the power of its average CT value (E^CT target), divided by the efficiency (E) of the reference gene (β-actin) to the power of its average CT value (E^CT reference). Error bars represent SEM, n=9. (* p<0.05, ** p<0.01).