Figure 7. Phosphorylated p38 immunofluorescence in the retinal arteries and neuroretina. A: A representative example of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38; green) staining of the retinal arteries is shown. Double staining with the smooth muscle cell marker smooth muscle actin (SMA; red) and the endothelium cell marker CD31 (red) shows that p-p38 is primarily located in the smooth muscle layer. Similar results were seen for sham-operated and ischemia-reperfusion eyes. B: p-p38 (green) was also occasionally detected in the inner nuclear layer of the neuroretina. Double staining with protein kinase Cα (PKCα; red), a bipolar cell marker, showed that p38 was localized to bipolar cell bodies, whereas the p38 protein appears to be associated with the nucleus. The abbreviations used in the figure are outer nuclear layer (ONL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL).