Figure 3. Effects of TSA on cytokine expression in cultured macrophages. Expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNAs in cultured macrophages incubated for 24 h in the presence or absence of 10 nM TSA as evaluated by real-time RT–PCR. Expressions of TGFβ1 and VEGF were markedly suppressed by continuous exposure to TSA. ***p<0.01.