Figure 2. Zn²⁺ or oxidative-stress-induced death was attenuated by Zn²⁺ therapeutics. A: Pyruvate, nicotinamide, NAD⁺, TPEN, and sirtinol variably attenuated ethacrynic acid, H₂O₂, or zinc toxicity in the 661 W cone photoreceptor cell line. B: The effect of these exposures on Müller glial cells is presented. C: The effect of these exposures in ARPE-19 cells is presented (n=10–15). * indicates difference from toxic exposure alone at p<0.05 by one-way ANOVA and a Bonferroni test.