Figure 6. In vitro model of Nε-(3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidino)lysine (FDP-lysine) accumulation in Müller cells. A: Representative western blot image showing the abundance of FDP-lysine adducts in human Müller (MIO-M1) cells under control conditions and following treatment with increasing concentrations of FDP-lysine human serum albumin (HSA). MIO-M1 cells exposed to FDP-lysine HSA exhibited a concentration-dependent increase in FDP-lysine immunoreactivity across a broad molecular mass range. The arrow indicates the expected size of monomeric FDP-lysine-HSA. B: Mean data showing the fold change in FDP-lysine levels for each treatment group relative to untreated cells.