Table 1 of Kern, Mol Vis 2010; 16:2121-2131.


Table 1. Summary of structural and functional lesions in diabetic mice.


Lesion
Reproducibly
detected

C57Bl/6

Ins2Akita

db/db

Methods
When first
detected (approx)
Capillary degeneration Yes [88-90,113,131] [85,134] [86] vessel digests 6 months
Defects in vascular autoregulation Yes [123,124]

MRI 4 months
Increased vascular permeability Yes* [85,89,115-117,132,133] [85]
Evans blue, FITC 2 weeks –11 months
Retinal microaneurysms Rare [94]

vessel digests
Capillary basement membrane thickening Modest [88]
[96] ultrastructure 6–15 months
Retinal edema, retinal thickening No [66,90]

cross-sections, MRI
Pre-retinal neovascularization No [94]

cross-sections, wholemounts
Electrophysiological alterations Yes [90,106,126]
[86] ERG, VEP 3 weeks
Intraretinal ion dysregulation in dark adaptation Yes [66]

MEMRI 3 weeks
Neuroglial apoptosis or remodeling No [88,104,105] [109,110] [87] TUNEL, caspase-3 1–2 months
Loss of retinal ganglion cells No [88,104,105] [85,108] [87] cross-sections 4–6 months