Table 1 of Kern, Mol Vis 2010; 16:2121-2131.
Lesion |
Reproducibly detected |
C57Bl/6 |
Ins2Akita |
db/db |
Methods |
When first detected (approx) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary degeneration | Yes | [88-90,113,131] | [85,134] | [86] | vessel digests | 6 months |
Defects in vascular autoregulation | Yes | [123,124] | MRI | 4 months | ||
Increased vascular permeability | Yes* | [85,89,115-117,132,133] | [85] | Evans blue, FITC | 2 weeks –11 months | |
Retinal microaneurysms | Rare | [94] | vessel digests | |||
Capillary basement membrane thickening | Modest | [88] | [96] | ultrastructure | 6–15 months | |
Retinal edema, retinal thickening | No | [66,90] | cross-sections, MRI | |||
Pre-retinal neovascularization | No | [94] | cross-sections, wholemounts | |||
Electrophysiological alterations | Yes | [90,106,126] | [86] | ERG, VEP | 3 weeks | |
Intraretinal ion dysregulation in dark adaptation | Yes | [66] | MEMRI | 3 weeks | ||
Neuroglial apoptosis or remodeling | No | [88,104,105] | [109,110] | [87] | TUNEL, caspase-3 | 1–2 months |
Loss of retinal ganglion cells | No | [88,104,105] | [85,108] | [87] | cross-sections | 4–6 months |