Figure 2. Accumulation of glycated albumin in diabetic retina and its inflammatory potential for microglia cells. A: Glycated albumin expression in normal, 2-weeks diabetic rats, and 12.5 ng of glycated albumin product (Sigma), analyzed by western blot using mouse monoclonal antibody A717. The mean ratio±SD of the intensity of glycated albumin versus actin was indicated below each group. The ratio of normal, non diabetic rats was taken as 1.0. B: Dose-dependent release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in glycated albumin-treated microglial cells. Microglial cells were stimulated with 10, 50, 200, 500 µg/ml glycated albumin for 4 h. TNF-α levels assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in culture supernatant were compared with corresponding dosage of non-glycated albumin-treated cells and are expressed as means±SD for three independent experiments.