Figure 1. Effects of inhibition of p38, MEK/ERK, JNK, PKA, PI3K, and P2 receptor pathways on the upregulation of six genes induced by CMS. Porcine TM cells were subjected to CMS (15%/1 hrz) for 6 h in the presence or absence of the following inhibitors SB203580 (A; p38), PD98059 (B; MEK/ERK), SP600125 (C; JNK), H89 (D; PKA), wortmannin (E; PI3K), and suramin (F; P2 receptors). The effects of these inhibitors on the upregulation of six genes (HSP70, MMP3, IL8, ECSM1, BMP2, and VEGFC) induced by CMS was evaluated by Q-PCR. Data represents the fold of induction for each gene in the absence or presence of the respective inhibitor (10 µM; n=5). An asterisk indicates that p is less than or equal to 0.05 using a paired Student’s t test.