Figure 3. TGF-β, PAI-1, and Id2 expressions. Expression of TGF-β1 in the conditioned medium of TR-MUL5 cells (MUL-CM) (A) and modulation of PAI-1 (B) and Id2 (C) mRNA expressions by recombinant human TGF-β1 (rhTGF-β1) and MUL-CM in TR-iBRB2 cells. A: The expression of TGF-β1 was determined by immunoblot analysis. B, C: The expression levels of PAI-1 and Id2 mRNA were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis and normalized to β-actin mRNA expression. Each column represents the mean±SEM (n=4–12). Asterisk represents p<0.01, significantly different from the control.