Figure 9. TSA caused the upregulation of the expressions of cell cycle-related transcriptional factors and biochemical markers of cell senescence. Compared with the untreated cells, the expressions of p16^ink4a, p27^kip1 and p21^cip1/waf1 were upregulated by 35.85, 6.98, and 5.15 fold, respectively, by TSA.