Figure 5. Frequency analysis of transcription response element representation in human promoter regions. Frequency of occurrence of each transcription response element (TRE) in the human gene promoter regions was determined from the promoter analysis and interaction network toolset (PAINT) analysis as described in Methods. The y-axis indicates the frequency of each TRE among the upregulated (blue) or down-regulated (green) gene clusters as well as among the full background gene set (black). The x-axis indicates the over-represented TREs, ordered by increasing p-value. Corresponding frequency analyses for mouse, rat and chick promoter regions are shown in Appendix 24 through Appendix 26.