Figure 3. Confirmation of copine1 mRNA expression in trabecular meshwork cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction using a relative quantification protocol. Copine1 mRNA expression in untreated and A23187-treated TM cells was examined using real-time PCR. The comparative C_t method was employed, and the change in gene expression is expressed as fold change in relation to every control. For the A23187-treated cells, Ca²⁺ and A23187 were incubated with TM cells for 30 min before cell collection. NTM: normal TM cells; GTM: glaucomatous TM cells. Data are means±SEM of four independent experiments. The asterisk indicates a p<0.01 versus untreated NTM, the double asterisk indicated a p<0.01 versus untreated GTM, and the sharp (hash mark) indicates a p<0.01 versus NTM treated with A23187.