Figure 2. The post to preoperative serum cytokine ratio was determined using the approximated mean pre- and post-operative values

Where the end point of the measured cytokine could not be determined, the value at the limit of detection was used. Serum cytokines: interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon (IFN)-γ, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1).