Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a nonpreventable disorder associated with extreme prematurity. Recent advances in establishing the International Classification of ROP have facilitated both clinical care and research, highlighted by the demonstration of the effectiveness of cryoablative therapy for vision-threatening ROP. For those individuals who have ROP, early and life-long ophthalmic follow-up is critical. This is true for those with any residual retinal scars that we now know can lead to later vision loss as well as those who require services for the visually impaired.