Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are central components in intracellular networks that regulate a vast number of cellular processes. It has long been known that in most cell types, one or more PKC isoforms influences the morphology of the F-actin cytoskeleton and thereby regulates processes that are affected by remodelling of the microfilaments. These include cellular migration and neurite outgrowth. This review focuses on the role of classical and novel PKC isoforms in migration and neurite outgrowth, and highlights some regulatory steps that may be of importance in the regulation by PKC of migration and neurite outgrowth. Many studies indicate that integrins are crucial mediators both upstream and downstream of PKC in inducing morphological changes. Furthermore, a number of PKC substrates, directly associated with the microfilaments, such as MARCKS, GAP43, adducin, fascin, ERM proteins and others have been identified. Their potential role in PKC effects on the cytoskeleton is discussed.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Actin Cytoskeleton / physiology*
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Actins / physiology*
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Animals
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Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / physiology
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Carrier Proteins / physiology
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Cell Movement / physiology
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Cytoskeleton / chemistry
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Cytoskeleton / physiology*
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DNA-Binding Proteins / physiology
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GAP-43 Protein / physiology
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Humans
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Integrins / physiology
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / physiology
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Isoenzymes / physiology
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Membrane Proteins / physiology
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Microfilament Proteins / physiology
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Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate
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Neurites / physiology
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Protein Kinase C / physiology*
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Stress Fibers / physiology
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Transcription Factors / physiology
Substances
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Actins
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Calmodulin-Binding Proteins
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Carrier Proteins
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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ETV5 protein, human
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GAP-43 Protein
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Integrins
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Isoenzymes
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MARCKS protein, human
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Membrane Proteins
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Microfilament Proteins
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Transcription Factors
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adducin
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Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate
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fascin
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Protein Kinase C