Thyroid hormone appears to play a critical, yet not fully understood, role in the development of the neuroretina. This review focuses on recent experiments in the rodent, chicken, and amphibian, with an emphasis on how the hormone and its receptor isoforms influence retinal cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. The initial results are fueling the next generation of experiments in the retina, which promise to provide insights into the mechanisms of thyroid hormone action in a wide variety of developing neural tissue.