Having identified a disease-associated rhodopsin mutation in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the issue is to address the question of whether to offer genetic testing to at-risk family members. Two members of a South African (SA) family, one of whom suffers from RP, as well as 54 unrelated SA RP patients from the same population group were investigated using single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis followed by DNA sequencing. A rare homozygous mutation at the intron-exon boundary of exon 4 in the rhodopsin gene was identified in the proband. One of his siblings was found to be heterozygous for the same mutation. The mutation was not detected in the 54 unrelated SA RP patients examined, 11 of whom were sporadic cases. A low incidence of RP amongst heterozygous carriers of this mutation has been reported; however, in the past it has been unclear whether the mutation has an effect in single copy or dual copy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this mutation has been reported as homozygous in an affected individual, thereby resolving the issue and confirming that it is a recessive disease-associated mutation. This is also the first autosomal recessive RP disease-causing rhodopsin mutation that has been identified in Southern Africa. Analysis of the extended pedigree indicated obligate heterozygous carriers of the mutation, without obvious signs of visual impairment in early adulthood. The extent to which potential heterozygous carriers should be pursued and clinically examined is discussed and the question is addressed as to whether to inform the family of these molecular findings.