Nuclear envelope breakdown proceeds by microtubule-induced tearing of the lamina

Cell. 2002 Jan 11;108(1):83-96. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00627-4.

Abstract

The mechanism of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) was investigated in live cells. Early spindle microtubules caused folds and invaginations in the NE up to one hour prior to NEBD, creating mechanical tension in the nuclear lamina. The first gap in the NE appeared before lamin B depolymerization, at the site of maximal tension, by a tearing mechanism. Gap formation relaxed this tension and dramatically accelerated the rate of chromosome condensation. The hole produced in the NE then rapidly expanded over the nuclear surface. NE fragments remaining on chromosomes were removed toward the centrosomes in a microtubule-dependent manner, suggesting a mechanism mediated by a minus-end-directed motor.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line
  • Chromosomes / metabolism
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • G2 Phase / physiology
  • Kidney / cytology
  • Kinetochores / metabolism
  • Lamin Type B
  • Lamins
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism
  • Microtubules / metabolism*
  • Mitosis / physiology
  • Nuclear Envelope / metabolism*
  • Nuclear Proteins / metabolism
  • Rats
  • Spindle Apparatus / metabolism

Substances

  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Lamin Type B
  • Lamins
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Pom121 protein, rat
  • lamina-associated polypeptide 2